Toxicologist Warns of Health Risks from Scented Candles

Dr. Regina Ama Oppong Wiredu, a toxicologist with SYNLAB Ghana in Accra, has cautioned that burning certain scented candles—especially in poorly ventilated spaces—can release harmful chemicals that may pose long-term health risks, including respiratory problems and cancer.

In an interview with The Mirror on Friday, June 13, 2025, Dr. Wiredu highlighted growing concerns about indoor air pollution caused by everyday household items. Among these are scented candles, whose popularity has surged in recent years, particularly among younger people. Many use them to create a relaxing atmosphere and enhance the aesthetics of spaces ranging from bedrooms to cafés—often showcased on platforms like Instagram and TikTok.

The Hidden Dangers

Dr. Wiredu explained that many commercial scented candles are made from paraffin wax, a petroleum byproduct. When burned, these candles can emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), including benzene (a known carcinogen) and toluene (linked to other serious health effects).

“These chemicals can linger in the air, especially in small, enclosed rooms with poor ventilation,” she warned. “Over time, breathing in these toxins may irritate the lungs and reduce indoor air quality.”

She noted that while occasional candle use may not cause immediate harm, consistent exposure—especially in unventilated areas—can increase health risks.

“There’s no direct proof that scented candles alone cause cancer,” she clarified. “But repeated exposure to indoor pollutants, including those from candles, air fresheners, cleaning sprays, dust, or cigarette smoke, adds up over the years. That’s what increases risk.”

What’s Really in a Candle?

Referencing a 2009 study from South Carolina State University, Dr. Wiredu said that burning paraffin candles was shown to release hazardous chemicals linked to cancer and asthma. More recent research supports the idea that, although emission levels may be low, regular exposure can still be harmful—especially to vulnerable groups like children, the elderly, pregnant women, and individuals with respiratory conditions.

Scented Oils and Hormone Disruption

In addition to the wax, the fragrance used in candles is another concern. Dr. Wiredu pointed out that many scented candles contain synthetic fragrance oils, which may emit phthalates—chemicals associated with hormone disruption.

“Phthalates help fragrances last longer, but they’ve been linked to reproductive issues and hormonal imbalances,” she said. “Repeated inhalation, especially by children and women of reproductive age, is a real concern.”

Healthier Alternatives Exist

However, not all candles are harmful. Dr. Wiredu recommended opting for natural waxes like soy, beeswax, or coconut wax, which burn cleaner and are biodegradable.

“Even better, choose candles that use natural essential oils instead of synthetic fragrances,” she advised. “Also, pay close attention to labels. If the type of wax or fragrance isn’t listed, that’s a red flag.”

Tips for Safer Candle Use

For those who still enjoy using scented candles, Dr. Wiredu offered some safety tips:

• Always burn candles in well-ventilated areas.
• Limit burn time to under two hours.
• Trim the wick to a quarter inch before each use to reduce smoke.
• Avoid candles that produce dark soot or have strong synthetic odors.
• Never leave candles burning unattended or overnight.

“Candles can still be part of your self-care routine,” she said. “Just use them mindfully and in moderation.”

Safer Ways to Create Ambience

For those looking to avoid candles altogether, she suggested alternatives like reed diffusers with essential oils, air-purifying houseplants, or simply improving airflow by opening windows or using fans.

Call for Greater Awareness and Regulation

Dr. Wiredu also emphasized the need for greater public education about indoor air quality in Ghana and across Africa.

“People often associate pollution with traffic and industry, but forget about what’s happening in their own homes,” she noted. “We need more dialogue around indoor pollutants and their health impacts.”

While there are established safety regulations for food and water, she pointed out that oversight of common household items like candles and air fresheners remains limited.

“It’s time consumers demanded safer products—and health authorities strengthened regulations to protect the public,” she urged.

“You don’t have to toss all your candles,” Dr. Wiredu concluded. “Just be informed about what you’re inhaling. Your lungs—and your future—will thank you.”